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Supports for Students with Intellectual Disabilities in Chile: Policy, Practice, and Cultural Tensions in a Rights-Based Framework

Article Number: e2026086  |  Available Online: June 2026  |  DOI: 10.22521/edupij.2026.24.86

Cristian Soto Gallardo

Abstract

Background/purpose. This study examines the perceptions of teachers, educational assistants, and local administration representatives regarding the supports provided to students with intellectual disabilities in public schools in Puerto Montt, Chile.

Materials/methods. A qualitative multiple-case study design was employed, selecting three institutions with the highest concentration of students with intellectual disabilities. Semi-structured interviews and focus groups were conducted with 31 participants, and data were analyzed using deductive coding.

Results. Results reveal a gap between inclusive policies and their practical implementation, characterized by insufficient teacher training, limited collaborative work, and an individualistic professional culture. Supports primarily target socioemotional outcomes, neglecting key dimensions of quality of life, such as self-determination and social inclusion.

Conclusion. The findings underscore that achieving effective inclusive education requires not only robust policies but also cultural transformation within schools and the active involvement of students in shaping supports. Key recommendations include strengthening teacher training, developing indicators to monitor social outcomes, and promoting shared responsibility among schools, families, and communities. By providing new empirical evidence from Latin America, this research broadens the international debate on the implementation of rights-based inclusive education frameworks in socioeconomically vulnerable contexts.

Keywords: Quality of life, inclusive supports, right to education, inclusive education, intellectual disabilities

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