Abstract

Conclusion. This study highlights the importance of fostering autonomous motivation and resilience to support the well-being of first-year non-native English-speaking students. While limited by sample diversity, findings suggest broader relevance beyond Malaysia. Future longitudinal and cross-cultural research is needed. By promoting coping skills, universities can help students sustain resilience and psychological health amid academic and language challenges.  

Keywords: Autonomous self-regulation, coping, non-native English speakers, psychological well-being, resilience

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